HCCS

At least three HCCS gene mutations have been identified in individuals with microphthalmia with linear skin defects syndrome. Deletions of genetic material that include the HCCS gene have also been identified in affected individuals. HCCS gene mutations result in a holocytochrome c-type synthase enzyme that cannot perform its function. A deletion of genetic material that includes the HCCS gene prevents the production of the enzyme from that copy of the gene. This loss of functional holocytochrome c-type synthase enzyme can damage cells by impairing their ability to generate energy. In addition, without sufficient holocytochrome c-type synthase enzyme, the damaged cells may not be able to undergo apoptosis. These cells may instead die in a process called necrosis that causes inflammation and damages neighboring cells. During early development this spreading cell damage may lead to the eye and skin abnormalities characteristic of microphthalmia with linear skin defects syndrome.

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