FBXL4

FBXL4-related encephalomyopathic mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome

More than 47 mutations in the FBXL4 gene have been found to cause FBXL4-related encephalomyopathic mtDNA depletion syndrome. This condition affects multiple body systems and is often fatal in early childhood. It is primarily associated with brain dysfunction combined with muscle weakness (encephalomyopathy).

Many of the mutations that cause FBXL4-related encephalomyopathic mtDNA depletion syndrome impair the FBXL4 protein's ability to attach (bind) to other proteins, disrupting the formation of the protein complex, which impairs normal maintenance of mtDNA. Problems with mtDNA maintenance can reduce the amount of mtDNA (known as mtDNA depletion). Depletion of mtDNA impairs mitochondrial function in many of the body's cells and tissues. Reduced mitochondrial function eventually leads to cell dysfunction, most noticeably affecting the brain, muscles, and other tissues that have high-energy requirements. This cell dysfunction leads to encephalomyopathy and other features of FBXL4-related encephalomyopathic mtDNA depletion syndrome.